Leon Frank Czolgosz ( CHOL-gosh; Polish: [ˈlɛɔn ˈt͡ʂɔwɡɔʂ]; May 5, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was an American wireworker and anarchist who assassinated United States president William McKinley in 1901. Czolgosz had lost his job during the economic Panic of 1893 and turned to anarchism—a radical, anti-authoritarian political philosophy.

Luis Ignacio Vásquez Villenas (born 5 May 2002), better known by the nickname Lucho Plátano, is a Chilean criminal and serial killer currently imprisoned for four murders that occurred in the Santiago Metropolitan Region between May 2022 and January 2023, culminating with the murder of Daniel Valdés Donoso, commissioner of the Investigations Police of Chile (PDI). While he was a fugitive, he was declared by the courts as the “most wanted in Chile”.

Sophie Charlotte Elisabeth Ursinus (née Weingarten; 5 May 1760 – 4 April 1836) was a German serial killer believed to have been responsible for poisoning her husband, aunt, and lover, and of attempting to poison her servant. Her trial led to a method of identifying arsenic poisoning.

Joseph Potier (5 May 1768, Saint-Malo — 10 November 1830) was a French privateer and slave trader. He was one of the lieutenants of Robert Surcouf.

William Dale Archerd (May 5, 1912 – October 29, 1977) was an American serial killer who killed at least three people with insulin injections between 1956 and 1966 in Northern California. He was the first to be convicted of using insulin as a murder weapon in the US, and he is suspected in three more cases.

Zaven Sarkisovich Almazyan (5 May 1950 – 1973), known as the Voroshilovgrad Maniac (Russian: Ворошиловградский маньяк, romanized: Voroshilovgradskiy manyak), was a Soviet serial killer and rapist who committed a series of crimes in Rostov-on-Don and Voroshilovgrad between 1969 and 1970, including three murders.

John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 – April 26, 1865) was an American stage actor who assassinated United States president Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. A member of the prominent 19th-century Booth theatrical family from Maryland, he was a noted actor who was also a Confederate sympathizer; denouncing Lincoln, he lamented the then-recent abolition of slavery in the United States.